@article{2017,title={IZZEDDIN KEYKAVUS II, THE SYMBOLIC SULTAN OF INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS AGAINST MONGOL OCCUPATION},abstractNode={The biggest son of Gıyaseddin Keyhusrev II, reign of Izzeddin Keykavus II who accedes to the Seljuk throne in the age of eleven after the death of his father in 1245 who caused of Anatolian occupation by the Mongols was a very undulant period. Keykavus reigned several times as a single-ruler and also several times as part of a ruling elite till 1262. At the end he was obligated to leave his country after this complicated period lasted for 16 years. Life of Keykavus II with homesickness which he leaved through before the Byzantium after than the Crimea is witnessed very touching and interesting political developments. Failure of Mongols in the Ayn Calut War (1260) by the Mamluks caused change of balances in the Middle East. Close contact of the Golden-Army State in the north of the Black Sea which aimed political and economic reasons with the Mamluks caused of diplomatic initiatives of Izzeddin Keykavus both Golden-Army State and Mamluks. This prompted Izzeddin Keykavus’s attempts to be appreciated by Sultan Baybars and Golden-Army State ruler, Berke. He is accepted as representative of Turkish independence against Mongols in the Anatolia at the same time.},author={Ayşe Dudu Kuşçu},year={2017},journal={Cappadocia Journal of History and Social Sciences}}